摘要
比較不同杀线虫剂对植物寄生线虫的杀灭效果及其对土壤线虫群落的影响，对于杀线虫剂的选择具有指导意义。本研究比较了5亿活孢子/g淡紫拟青霉粉剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和10%噻唑膦颗粒剂3种杀线剂对植食性线虫的防治效果及其对土壤线虫群落结构的影响。结果表明：植物寄生线虫是连作蕉园优势营养类群。苗期时只有阿维菌素表现出对植食性线虫的杀灭效果；蕾期3种杀线虫剂均表现出显著的杀灭效果，植食性线虫的数量较CK分别减少49.3%、17.4%和84.2%；苗期时1.8%阿维菌素乳油表现出对螺旋线虫属和肾形线虫属的杀灭效果，10%噻唑膦颗粒剂处理中肾形属丰度较CK减少了20.3%；蕾期相比于CK，5亿活孢子/g淡紫拟青霉粉剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和10%噻唑膦颗粒剂处理中植物寄生线虫类群数均有所降低，各处理对优势属螺旋线虫属和肾形线虫属均有杀灭作用，减少的比例分别为48.2%、40.6%、95.7%和50.1%、7.1%、84.5%，差异显著。3种杀线剂处理均降低了土壤中的自由生活线虫种类和丰度。苗期1.8%阿维菌素乳油处理能显著增加食细菌线虫的数量，5亿活孢子/g淡紫拟青霉粉剂和10%噻唑膦颗粒剂处理的自由生活线虫成熟指数MI和多样性指数H′较CK显著降低；香蕉蕾期处理间MI没有显著差异，10%噻唑膦颗粒剂处理的植物寄生线虫成熟指数PPI较CK显著减少，均匀度指数J′显著高于其他处理。综上所述，10%噻唑膦颗粒剂的效果最好，持效期长，对植食性线虫有明显的杀灭效果，对土壤线虫类群多样性和线虫成熟指数无显著影响，适宜在香蕉种植园推广使用。
关键词
淡紫拟青霉；阿维菌素；噻唑膦；植食性线虫；群落结构
中图分类号：
S 432.45， S 482.51
文献标识码：A
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.05291542.2016.03.015
Abstract
In order to choose the best nematicides， it is significant to compare the effects of different nematicides on the community structure of plantparasitic nematodes and total nematodes. The effects of three nematicides， 5×108spores/g Paecilomyces lilacinus DP， 1.8% abamectin EC and 10% fosthiazate GR， were investigated by the field experiment in this study. The results showed that the plantparasitic nematodes were the dominant trophic groups in the continuouscropping banana plantation. For plantparasitic nematodes， 1.8% abamectin EC treatment showed nematocidal ability in the seedling stage， while in budding stage all three treatments showed significant nematocidal ability， the number of which was significantly decreased by 49.3%， 17.4% and 84.2% compared to the control. The number of Helicotylenchus and Rotylenchulus， the dominant genera in plantparasitic nematodes， was significantly reduced in 1.8% abamectin EC treatment in seedling stage， while the abundance of Rotylenchulus in 10% fosthiazate GR treatment was decreased by 20.3% compared to the control. In budding stage， the three treatments，5×108 spores/g Paecilomyces lilacinus DP， 1.8% abamectin EC and 10% fosthiazate GR reduced the genera number of plantparasitic nematodes and showed nematocidal ability to Helicotylenchus and Rotylenchulus， the number of which was significantly reduced by 48.2%， 40.6%， 95.7% and 50.1%， 7.1%， 84.5%， respectively， compared to the control. All treatments reduced the diversity and abundance of freeliving nematodes in soil. In seedling stage， 1.8% abamectin EC significantly increased the number of bacteriafeeding nematodes； the maturity index （MI） and Shannon index （H′） in 5×108 spores/g Paecilomyces lilacinus DP and 10% fosthiazate GR treatments were significantly decreased compared to the control. In budding stage， maturity index （MI） showed no significant difference among treatments while plant parasite index （PPI） in 10% fosthiazate GR treatment was significantly decreased compared to the control and the evenness （J′） significantly increased compared with other treatments. In conclusion， 10% fosthiazate GR is the best nematicide with strong nematocidal effect on plantparasitic nematodes and with longlasting effect. Moreover， compared to the control， it showed no significant difference in the diversity and maturity index of soil nematodes.