国际经济学专业词汇（中英文对照）
目录 1. 绪论........................................................................................................................... 2 2. 比较优势原理........................................................................................................... 2 3. 国际贸易标准理论................................................................................................... 3 4. 需求、供给、提供曲线与贸易条件....................................................................... 3 5. 要素禀赋与赫克歇尔-俄林理论 ............................................................................. 3 6. 规模经济、不完全竞争与国际贸易....................................................................... 4 7. 经济增长与国际贸易............................................................................................... 5 8. 贸易壁垒:关税 ......................................................................................................... 6 9. 非关税贸易壁垒和新保护主义............................................................................... 7 10. 经济一体化:关税同盟和自由贸易区 ................................................................... 8 11. 国际贸易与经济发展............................................................................................. 8 12. 国际资源流动与跨国公司..................................................................................... 9 13. 国际收支平衡表..................................................................................................... 9 14. 外汇市场与汇率................................................................................................... 10 15. 汇率决定............................................................................................................... 11 16. 汇率调节机制....................................................................................................... 12 17. 收入调节机制与自动调节................................................................................... 12 18. 宏观经济调控....................................................................................................... 13 19. 价格与产出........................................................................................................... 14 20. 浮动与固定汇率和宏观政策协调....................................................................... 14 21. 国际货币体系....................................................................................................... 14
1. 绪论 国际收支的调节:(adjustment in balance of payments) 反全球化运动:(antiglobalization movement) 国际收支:(balance of payments) 外汇市场:(foreign exchange markrt) 全球化:(globalization) 贸易引力模型:(gravity model) 相互依存:(interdependence) 国际金融:(international finance) 国际贸易政策:(international trade policy) 国际贸易理论:(international trade theory) 宏观经济学:(macroeconomics) 微观经济学:(microeconomics) 开发经济宏观经济学:(open-economy macroeconomics) 2. 比较优势原理 绝对优势:(absolute advantage) 贸易基础:(basis for trade) 完全专业化:(complete specialization) 固定机会成本:(constant opportunity cost) 贸易所得:(gains from trade) 劳动价值论:(labor theory of value) 自由放任:(laissez-faire) 比较优势原理:(law of comparative advantage) 重商主义:(mercantilism) 小国情况:(small-country case) 相对商品价格:(relative commandity prices) 生产可能性曲线:(production possibility frontier)
贸易模式:(pattern of trade) 机会成本理论:(opportunity cost theory) 3. 国际贸易标准理论 自给自足:(autarky) 社会无差异曲线:(community indiffernnce curve) 去工业化:(deindustrialization) 孤立均衡相对价格:(equilibrium-relative commodity price in isolation) 贸易均衡相对价格:(equilibrium-relative commodity price with trade) 交易所得:(gains from exchange) 专业化所得:(gains from specialization) 不完全专业化:(incomplete specialization) 机会成本递增:(increasing opportunity costs) 边际替代率:(marginal rate of snbstitution,MRS) 边际转化率:(marginal rate of transformation,MRT) 4. 需求、供给、提供曲线与贸易条件 商品或易货贸易条件:(commodity or net barter terms of trade) 一般均衡模型:(general equilibrium model) 相互需求法则:(law of reciprocal demand) 提供曲线:(offer curves) 相互需求曲线:(reciprocal demand curves) 贸易条件:(terms of trade) 贸易无差异曲线:(trade indifference curve) 5. 要素禀赋与赫克歇尔- 俄林理论 资本密集型商品:(capital-intensive commodity) 资本/劳动比率:(capital-labor ratio)
柯布-道格拉斯生产函数:(Cobb-Douglas Porduction) 固定替代弹性生产函数:(constant elasticity of substitution(CES) production) 规模报酬不变:(constant returns to scale) 派生需求:(derived demand) 替代弹性:(elasticity of substitution) 尤拉定理:(Euler’s theorem) 要素充裕度:(factor abundance) 要素密集度颠倒:(factor-intensity reversal) 要素价格均等定理:(factor-price equalization(H-O-S)
Theorem) 要素禀赋理论:(factor-proporitions or factor-endowment theory) 赫克歇尔-俄林定理:(Hechscher-Ohlin(H-O) theorem) 赫克歇尔-俄林理论:(Hechscher-Ohlin(H-O) theory) 人力资本:(human capital) 进口替代品:(import substitutes) 投入产出表:(input-output table) 国内要素流动:(internal factor mobility) 国际要素流动:(international factor mobility) 劳动资本比率:(labor-capital ratio) 劳动密集型商品:(labor-intensive commodity) 里昂惕夫之谜:(leontief paradox) 完全竞争:(perfect competition) 相对要素价格:(relative-factor prices) 特定要素模型:(specific-factor model) 6. 规模经济、不完全竞争与国际贸易 差别产品:(differertiated products) 动态外部经济:(dynamic external economies) 环保标准:(environment standards)
外部经济:(external economics) 流动性产业:(footloose industries) 一般均衡分析:(general equilibrium analysis) 规模报酬递增:(increasing returns to scale) 幼稚产业观点:(infant industry arguement) 国际规模经济:(international economics of scale) 产业内贸易指数:(intra-industry trade index) 学习曲线:(learning curve) 市场定向型企业:(market-oriented industries) 垄断竞争:(monopolistic competition) 非贸易商品与服务:(montraded goods and services) 离岸外包:(offshoring) 寡头垄断:(oligopoly) 外包:(outsourcing) 局部均衡分析:(partical equilibrium analysis) 产品生命周期模型:(product cycle model) 资源定向型企业:(resource-oriented industries) 技术差距模型:(technological gap model) 运输成本或物流成本:(transport or logistics costs) 7. 经济增长与国际贸易 反贸易的生产和消费:(antitrade production and consumption) 平衡增长:(balanced growth) 资本节约型技术进步:(capital-saving technical progress) 比较静态:(comparative statics) 动态分析:(dynamic analysis) 不幸的增长:(immiserizy growth) 劣等品:(inferior goods) 劳动节约型技术进步:(labor-saving technical progress)
中性的生产和消费:(neutral production) 中性技术进步:(neutral technical progress) 正常品:(normal goods) 产生贸易的生产和消费:(protrade production and consumption) 雷布津斯基理论:(Rybczynski theorem) 贸易条件效应:(terms-of-trade effect) 福利效应:(wealth effect) 8. 贸易壁垒: 关税 从价关税:(ad valorem tariff) 混合关税:(compound tariff) 消费者剩余:(consumer surplus) 关税消费效应:(consumption effect of a tariff) 国内增加值:(domestic value added) 出口关税:(export tariff) 进口关税:(import tariff) 梅茨勒悖论:(Metzler paradox) 名义关税:(nominal tariff) 最优关税:(optimum tariff) 关税生产效应:(production effect of a tariff) 关税保护成本或称重负损失:(protection cost or deadweight loss of a tariff) 禁止性关税:(prohibitive tariff) 有效保护率:(rate of effective protection) 租金或生产者剩余:(rent or producer surplus) 关税收入效应:(revenue effect of a tariff) 从量关税:(specific tariff) 斯托尔帕-塞缪尔森定理:(Stolper-Samuelson theorem) 关税贸易效应:(trade or commercial policies) 贸易或商业政策:(trade or commercial policies)
9. 非关税贸易壁垒和新保护主义 双边贸易:(bilateral trade) 集中化的卡特尔:(centralized cartel) 反补贴税:(countervailing duties,CVSs) 倾销:(dumping) 豁免条款:(escape clause) 进出口银行:(export-import bank) 出口补贴:(export subsides) 外国销售公司:(Foerign sales corporations,FSC) 博弈理论:(game theory) 产业政策:(industrial policy) 幼稚产业观点:(infront-industry arguement) 国际卡特尔:(international cartel) 最惠国原则:(most-favored-nation principle) 多边贸易谈判:(multilateral trade negotiations) 国家安全条款:(national security clause) 新保护主义:(new protectionism) 非关税贸易壁垒:(nontariff trade barriers,NTBs) 危险点条款:(peril-point provisions) 持续性倾销:(persistent dumping) 掠夺性倾销:(predatory dumping) 配额:(quota) 科学关税:(scientific tariff) 偶然性倾销:(sporadic dumping) 战略性贸易政策:(strategic trade policy) 技术的、行政的和其他法规:(technical,administrative and other regulations) 触发价格机制:(trigger-price mechanism) 贸易调整援助:(Trade Adjustment Assistance,TAA) 贸易保护授权:(trade promotion authority or fast track)
自动出口限制:(Voluntary Export Restraints,VERS) 10. 经济一体化: 关税同盟和自由贸易区 双边协议:(bilateral agreements) 大量采购:(bulk purchasing) 中央计划经济:(centrally planned economies) 共同市场:(common market) 关税同盟:(customs union) 免税区或自由经济区:(duty-free zones or free economic zones) 经济一体化:(economic integration) 经济同盟:(economic union) 自贸区:(free trade area) 特惠贸易协定:(preferential trade arrangements) 国家贸易公司:(state trading companies) 关税工厂:(tariff factories) 次优理论:(theory of the second best) 贸易创造关税同盟:(trade-creation custom union) 贸易偏差:(trade deflection) 贸易转移关税同盟:(trade-diversion customs union) 可变进口税额:(variable import levies) 11. 国际贸易与经济发展 缓冲库存储备:(buffer stocks) 商品或纯物物交换贸易条件:(commodity or net barter terms of trade) 双边要素贸易条件:(double factoral terms of trade) 内生性增长理论:(ecdogenous groeth theory) 增长动力:(engine of growth) 出口管制:(export controls)
出口波动:(export instability) 出口导向工业化:(export-oriented industrialization) 出口悲观论:(export pessinism) 外债:(foreign debt) 进口代替工业化:(import-substitution industrialization,ISI) 贸易收入条件:(income terms of trade) 国际商品协定:(international commodity) 市场委员会:(marketing boards) 国际经济新秩序:(New International Economic Order,NIEO) 新兴工业化国家:(Newly Industrialized Economies,NIEs) 购货合约:(purchase contract) 新定居区:(regions of recent settlement) 单边要素贸易条件:(single factoral terms of trade) 剩余出口:(vent for surplus) 12. 国际资源流动与跨国公司 脑力流失:(brain drain) 直接投资:(direct investments) 横向一体化:(horizontal integration) 跨国公司:(multinational) 组合投资:(portfolio investments) 资产组合理论:(portfolio theory) 风险分散化:(risk diversification) 转移定价:(transfer pricing) 纵向一体化:(vertical integration) 13. 国际收支平衡表 调节性交易:(acconnmous transactions)
自主性交易:(autonomous transactions) 国际收支平衡表:(balance of transactions) 资本项目:(capital account) 贷方交易:(credit transactions) 经常项目:(current account) 借方交易:(debit transactions) 国际收支中的逆差:(deficit in the balance of payments) 复式薄记:(double-entry bookkeeping) 金融项目:(financial account) 金融性资本流入:(financial inflows) 金融性资本流出:(financial outflows) 国际投资头寸:(international investment position) 官方结算余额:(official settlements balance) 官方储备账户:(official reserve account) 统计误差:(statistical discrepancy) 国际收支中的盈余:(surplus in the balance of patments) 单方面转移支付:(unilateral transfers) 14. 外汇市场与汇率 升值:(appreciation) 套利:(arbitrage) 套利交易:(carry trade) 抛补套利利润率:(covered interest arbitrage margin ,CIAM) 抛补套利平价:(covered interest arbitrage parity,CIAP) 交叉汇率:(cross-exchange rate) 贬值:(depreciation) 不稳定性投机:(destabilizing speculation) 有效汇率:(effecitive exchange rate) 外汇市场有效性:(efficiency of foreign exchange markets)
外汇期货:(foreign exchange futures) 外汇市场:(foreign exchange market) 外汇期权:(foreign exchange option) 外汇风险:(foreign exchange risk) 远期贴水:(forward discount) 远期升水:(forward premium) 远期汇率:(forward rate) 套期保值:(hedging) 套利:(interest arbitrage) 离岸存款:(offshore deposits) 铸造利差:(seignorage) 投机:(speculation) 即期汇率:(spot rate) 稳定性投机:(stabilizing speculation) 无抛补套利:(uncovered interest arbitrage) 国际支付货币:(vehicle currency) 15. 汇率决定 绝对购买力平价理论:(absolute purchasing-power parity theory) 巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应:(Balassa-Samuelson effect) 货币需求:(demand for money) 汇率超调理论:(exchange rate overshooting) 预期的即期汇率变化:(expected change in the spot rate) 一价法则:(law of one price) 国际收支的货币分析法:(monetary approach to the balance of payments) 基础货币:(monetary base) 资产组合平衡法:(portfolio balance approach) 实际汇率:(real exchange rate) 相对购买力平价理论:(relative purchasing-power parity theory)
风险溢价:(risk premium ,RP) 货币供给:(supply of money) 16. 汇率调节机制 贬值:(devaluation) 荷兰病:(Dutch disease) 弹性悲观主义:(elasticity pessimism) 黄金输入点:(gold export point) 黄金输出点:(gold import point) 金本位制:(gold standard) 识别问题:(identification problem) J 曲线效应:(J-curve effect) 铸币评价:(mint parity) 传递:(paee-through) 价格黄金流动机制:(price-specie-flow mechanism) 货币数量论:(quantity theory of money) 金本位制的博弈原则:(rules of the game of the gold standard) 稳定的外汇市场:(stable foreign exchange market) 贸易或弹性方法:(trade or elasticity approach) 不稳定外汇市场:(unstable foreign exchange market) 17. 收入调节机制与自动调节 吸收法:(absorption approach) 平均进口倾向:(average propensity to import,APM) 封闭经济:(closed economy) 消费函数:(consumption function) 预期或计划的投资:(desired or planned investment) 均衡国民收入水平:(equilibrium level of national income)
出口函数:(export function) 国外反馈效应:(foreign repercussion) 对外贸易乘数:(foreign trade multiplier) 进口函数:(import function) 进口收入需求弹性:(income elasticity of demand for import) 投资函数:(investment function) 边际消费倾向:(marginal propensity to consume,MPC) 边际储蓄倾向:(marginal propensity to save,MPS) 边际进口倾向:(marginal propensity to import,MPM) 储蓄函数:(saving function) 自动调节的综合:(synthesis of automatic adjustments) 18. 宏观经济调控 BP 曲线:(BP curve) 直接控制:(direct control) 外汇控制:(exchange controls) 支出-改变政策:(expenditure-changing policies) 支出-转换政策:(expenditure-switching policies) 外部均衡:(external balance) 内部均衡:(internal balance) IS 曲线:(IS-curve) LM 曲线:(LM-curve) 多重汇率:(multiple exchange rates) 蒙代尔-弗莱明模型:(Mundell-Fleming model) 菲利普斯曲线:(Phillips curve) 市场有效分割理论:(principle of effective market classification) 货币投机需求:(speculative demand for money) 货币交易需求:(transaction demand for money) 贸易控制:(trade control)
19. 价格与产出 总需求曲线:(aggregate demand(AD) curve) 总供给曲线:(aggregate supply(AS) curve) 预期价格:(expected prices) 通货膨胀目标值:(inflation targeting) 长期总供给曲线:(long-run aggregate supply(LRAS) curve) 自然产出水平:(natural level of output)
短期总供给曲线:(short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve) 滞胀:(stagflation) 20. 浮动与固定汇率和宏观政策协调 可调整盯住汇率体系:(adjustable peg system) 爬行钉住汇率体系:(crawling peg system) 货币发行局制:(currency board arrangement,CBAs) 肮脏浮动:(dirty floating) 美元化:(dallarization) 汇率机制:(exchange rate mechanism,ERM) 自由浮动汇率体系:(freely floating exchange rate system) 逆风而上:(leaning against the wind) 有管制的浮动汇率体系:(managed floating exchange rate system) 最佳货币区域国家货币集团:(optimum currency area or bloc) 稳定和增长协议:(stabality and growth pact,SGP) 21. 国际货币体系 调整:(adjustment) 善意忽视:(benign nelect) 布雷顿森林体系:(Bretton Woods System) 可靠性:(confidence)
信用份额:(credit tranches) 货币自由兑换:(currency convertibility) 美元过剩:(dollar glut) 美元泛滥:(dollar overhang) 美元短缺:(dollar shortage) 美元本位制:(dollar standard) 第一信用份额:(first-credit trade) 货款安排总协定:(General Arrangements to Borrow,GAB) 黄金份额:(gold tranche) 国际货币基金组织条件:(IMF conditionality) 国际开发协会:(International Development Association) 国际金融公司:(International Finance Corporation,IFC) 国际基金组织:(International Monetary Fund,IMF) 国际货币体系:(International monetary system) 干预货币:(intervention currency) 流动性:(liquidity) 国际货币基金组织净头寸:(net IMF position) 借款新安排:(New Arrangement to Borrow,NAB) 原罪:(original sin) 铸币利差:(seigniorage) 特别提款权:(Special Drawing Rights,SDRS) 备用协议:(standby arrangements) 次贷危机:(subprime mortgage crisis) 替代账户:(substitution account) 超黄金份额:(super gold tranche) 互换协议:(swap arrangements)